Doctrine: Doctrine is view of law from jurists or lawful Students. Doctrine is applied to interpret a basic conception of regulation inside of other authorized sources or to deliver rationalization on ambiguity of regulations. Doctrine in and of alone doesn't have a binding ability. Having said that, it is kind of typical for litigation conditions to supplant their arguments with doctrine and also to submit guides of authorized scholar pointing to a specific doctrine as evidence in courtroom. A number of courts have in turn expressly referred to viewpoints of legal scholars to interpret specified concerns derived from a Most important supply of legislation.
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Media massa sangat efektif menggiring opini publik, untuk menghakimi sesuatu yang belum pasti terjadi. Medan perang intelijen ke depan adalah informasi dan pembentukan opini. Penggalangan media dan opini yang intens tanpa mengabaikan kebebasan pers, harus dilakukan secara terpola dan komprehensif. Dalam hal ini kuncinya bukan hanya bereaksi dan melakukan counter
The Legislation on Foundations requires just about every Basis to publish the abridged Variation of its annual report on an announcement board in its office. Furthermore, foundations that have gained donations within the condition, abroad functions, or third get-togethers totaling 500 million Indonesian rupiah (IDR) or more, or that have property aside from endowed belongings of above twenty billion IDR, need to be audited by a public accountant and have their annual report summaries printed in an Indonesian-language everyday newspaper.
The Regulation on Foundations permits foreign citizens together with Indonesians or otherwise to determine a foundation less than Indonesian law, and international foundations, i.
[31] Munir Stated Thalib is surely an idealistic Baca selengkapnya human legal rights activist who defends victims of violations and is particularly willing to confront the armed service and police to struggle to the legal rights of those victims. Threats of murder and intimidation to pressure Munir to prevent his pursuits even though leading KontraS and Imparsial (the two strongest human legal rights advocacy businesses in Indonesia Started by him) are almost nothing new, such as monitoring and attempts to thwart his defense functions carried out by things of the security forces instantly or indirectly.
Makalah ini berfokus pada isu-isu pemilu setelah period reformasi. Dengan mempelajari literatur yang ada sebagai bahan perbandingan antara pemilu ke pemilu.
Kultur intelijen yang tertutup dan profesional juga perlu diperkuat. Pengawasan yang ketat terhadap BIN diperlukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kekuasaan.
(Strategic Intelligence Agency, BAIS) and developed an international network by controlling protection attaches in Indonesia’s Embassies. With significant spending plan assist and a powerful community at your home and overseas, BAIS eventually grew to become the intelligence agency that stood out and outperformed other companies.[23]
Presiden Prabowo Subianto dalam sebuah pidato pernah menyamakan bermain saham dengan berjudi. Pernyataan ini tentu memicu perdebatan di kalangan masyarakat dan pelaku pasar modal.
Print Sebuah komisi di parlemen Perancis yang melangsungkan penyelidikan atas serangan teror maut tahun lalu di Paris menyerukan pembentukan badan tunggal anti-terorisme nasional.
Selama 32 tahun, Soeharto menggunakan alasan keamanan nasional, intelijen di bawah kendali militer bisa memasukan seseorang ke dalam penjara. Dengan dalih keamanan nasional, pers harus berhenti terbit dan patuh keinginan presiden atau kroninya.
So, when Indonesia grew to become independent in August 1945, Lubis, who was 19 several years aged when he was recruited for intelligence school, became among the Indonesian ex-Japanese militaries who experienced more battle intelligence practical experience than everyone in Indonesia. This new place required an intelligence capacity to defend its independence, that's mirrored while in the name with the Badan Istimewa
Rizal juga menyuarakan hal yang serupa dengan Aditya, bahwa akuntabilitas sangat penting dalam menjaga efektivitas pengawasan intelijen. Ia menegaskan bahwa walau pengawasan intelijen tidak bisa bersifat terbuka sepenuhnya, namun prinsip akuntabilitas harus tetap diutamakan.